The Soldier Poem Analysis - 1720 Words

Rupert Brooke’s poem ‘The Soldier’ was written at the outset of WW1, his representation of war is more propaganda like as it romanticises war, death and patriotism. Brooke never actually made it to the frontlines, so therefore he had no experience whatsoever. Wilfred Owen’s poem ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ was written from a firsthand perspective. He had experience from within the trenches and his representation focus’ on the sheer brutality and reality of war. Owen also challenges the perception of war within society. Eva Dobell’s poem ‘Pluck’ was written from a firsthand, female perspective. She had experience from working as a nurse and her representation is the aftermath of war and the brutal, life altering physical and mental injuries that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWashed by the rivers, blest by suns of home’ this line has some religious significance; the words ‘Washed’ and ‘blestà ¢â‚¬â„¢ are metaphor’s that could be interpreted as the act of baptism. He has pastoral idyll; worthy of protection along with thoughts of an ‘English Heaven’ where he would have the promise of redemption. This suggests that death is idylised; ‘A pulse in the eternal mind’ suggests that the physical being is left behind on favour of a more spiritual one. Normally sonnets are written in either a Petrachan or Shakespearean styles, this poem however is a mixture of the two. It has a Petrachan structure with fourteen lines, an octave which consists of two quatrains followed by a sestet and uses an iambic pentameter. However it has a typical Shakespearean rhyming (ABABCDCD EFGEFG) and has three quatrains followed by a rhyming couplet. ‘The Soldier’ is undoubtedly a Sonnet with having fourteen lines, ten syllables with a definite rhyme. It could be suggested that Brooke’s intentional use of a sonnet was to portray a love song of all things English and England as a country. Owen uses his firsthand experience of a gas attack to bring home the harsh, brutality and reality of war. He starts his poem with a portrayal of the soldiers being ‘Bent double, like old beggars under sacks’, this simile demonstrates how unhygienic and unkempt the soldiers were. The comparison of soldiers ‘like old beggars’ suggests that the soldiers are agingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Death Of A Soldier 775 Words   |  4 Pages2014 Analysis: Death of a Solider Louisa May Alcott served as a volunteered nurse during the American Civil War, which took place in the 1860’s. It was a brutal war between the United States and the Confederate states. Alcott documented the last days of a brave solider named John. The almost thirty year old seldom spoke, uttered no complaint, asked no sympathy, but tranquilly observed what went on about him. With the use of several changing literary parts in the essay, Death of a Soldier, writtenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Runaway Soldier 1371 Words   |  6 Pagesreflect the intelligence of the main characters and their love of English and all of its intriguing nuances, and not necessarily the wealth of them. There is imagery placed throughout the story, such as when Minor describes having to brand the runaway soldiers. Another example of imagery occurs in the middle of chapter six, the description of asylum paints it as a horrifying prison of madness, and not a place to make people get better and fix their mental problems. Language in this story is often floweryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Standing Soldiers Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesIn Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves, Kirk Savage, through public monuments both real and proposed, analyzes the problems of American society following the Civil War and shows how race, class, and regional relations ended up as they did. L ooking Backward, on the other hand, is a fictional book in which Edward Bellamy lays out his idea for how a utopian society could be constructed and run. In the era that Savage describes, more easily referred to as Reconstruction, there were a multitude of socialRead MorePoem Analysis: The Soldier by Ruper Brooke772 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Soldier† is a poem about a generic, yet ideal soldier, which is indicated by Rupert Brooke’s use of the word â€Å"The† instead of â€Å"A† when describing the soldier in the title. The usage of â€Å"I† and â€Å"me† in the poem suggests a first person point of view, which makes the poem more personal and realistic to the reader. This poem is a sonnet because the first stanza contains eight lines and the second stanza contains six. Throughout â€Å"The Soldier,† the repetition of â€Å"English† and â€Å"England† shows how importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Soldier s Hom e Essay1796 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War was fought on an unprecedented scale in the history of mankind. In Soldier’s Home, Ernest Hemmingway highlights the predicament of a youthful soldier upon his return from military duty in Europe. Harold Krebs finds it difficult to fit into the society once he returns from active duty in the World War I. This paper compares the life of the soldier before and after returning to his hometown after war. It becomes apparent that the negative implications of war endure long after the wars come toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Soldier s Home And Katherine Mansfield s 1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ernest Hemingway’s haunting short story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† and Katherine Mansfield’s insightful short story â€Å"Miss Brill†, both isolated characters, Krebs and Miss Brill, experiences the many pratfalls of their solitude. Krebs and Miss Brill are both victims of isolation but for different reasons. They deal with different types of isolation, family support and perception of reality that hinder them from fully assimilating in to the present reality around them. Isolation can be used as a tool forRead MoreWallace Stevens Poem The Death of a Soldier and William Faulkners Story Two Soldiers: A Comparative Analysis757 Words   |  3 PagesStevens poem The Death of a Soldier and E.E. Cummings poem my sweet old etcetera in your textbook, Select Writers of the Twentieth Century. Select either poem and analyze the view of war in the poem with the view of war in Faulkners story Two Soldiers. The essay should be well- developed and well-supported with the texts. Wallace Stevens The Death of a Soldier honors the common, unremarkable death of an ordinary soldier. War is portrayed as inevitable in the Stevens poem, like theRead MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy1660 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy I. Introduction: 1. Introducing what is going to be discussed in the paper (analysis of Arms and the Boy , its relation to one of Owens poem). 2. Thesis Statement : Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy can be discussed to represent the horror of war. II. Body: 1. Owen was a soldier and a modern poet who was known as anti-war poet. A. A summary of Owens poetry in general . B. His representation of the horror of war in his poems. 2. ArmsRead MoreWilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† The world is a changing place with many different countries and people in those countries who try to change the world from our past, future and present. When looking at poems from the past we are able to see the world through the author’s eyes of the time and possible a view into the future. History tells us to learn from the past to improve the future of our world. A way to learn about the past is by reading poems from a time mostRead MoreA Comparison between Shakespeares Agincourt Speech and Wilfred Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poems context as well as the origin of the actual passage and how it is created by the influence on each writers own experience. Additionally, the analysis will similarly focus on more intimate elements of each poem such as the attitude towards war at the time that they were written and how the author shows there own attitude and beliefs towards war (The Myth of War). Furthermore the essay will conclude by contextualising the language and structure of each poem, by

The Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham - 1620 Words

Most Americans do not know what ISIS is. However, those who do know , know how dangerous these people are becoming. The Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham also known as ISIS, an Al Qaeda affiliation is not only alive but spreading and spreading fast. The group started out in Iraq as the world known Al Qaeda before rebranding themselves. Though both jihadi groups strived to establish an independent Islamic state in the region of Iraq , ISIS believes in a much more brutal regimine. Threating to take over both Iraq and Syria, killing and beheading both their own and American/British foreigners in the name of their faith. The United States should refrain and stop all involvement in fighting ISIS. ISIS which is also known by other names such as ISIL or the Islamic State, arised around 1999 in Iraq as a group of extreme Sunni Muslim Jihadists. Extreme jihadism is the practice of extremely agressive interpretations of the Jihad and of Islamic fundamentalism. Though every muslim somewhat follows their own Jihad , this group has taken it to another level both believing it is right to kill and behead in the name of god. After Americas invasion of Iraq was over , and with the neighboring civil war in Syria , the brutal group has been able to gain alot of power in the past couple years and seems to be gaining even more now. ISIS main goal is to establish a Caliphate that is based on the Sharia law. The Sharia Law is a combination of following what the Quran, Hadiths, and fatwasShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn his autobiography ‘Radical’, Maajid Nawaz, a former member of the radical Islamist organization, Hizb al-Tahrir (HT), outlines the differences between Islam, Islamism, and Jihadism, three different concepts that are key in understanding radical groups within the Muslim world. Firstly, Nawaz defines Islam quite simply; it is a religion, defined similarly to all other faiths. Islamism, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"the desire to impose Islam over society as law†. It is an ideological thoughtRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham943 Words   |  4 Pages The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham is a terrorist organization that began as Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Since Al-Sham can mean Syria or the Levant, media and governments us ually refer to them as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL); some use the derogatory name Daesh in order to avoid recognizing the group’s claims. The Islamic State declared themselves a caliphate with Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi becoming Caliph Ibrahim. He claims authority over allRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Islamic State, otherwise called the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), takes after an unmistakable assortment of Islam whose convictions about the way to the Day of Judgment matter to its system, and can help the West know its adversary and foresee its conduct. Its ascent to power is less like the triumph of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (a gathering whose pioneers the Islamic State considers faithless people) than like the acknowledgment of a tragic substitute reality. The White HouseRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham1471 Words   |  6 PagesJoshua Bacon Ed Rowe American Security Overview 26 January 2016 The Islamic State, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), follows a distinct variety of Islam whose beliefs about the path to the Day of Judgment define its strategy, and can help the West know its enemy and predict its behavior. Its rise to power is less like the triumph of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (a group whose leaders the Islamic State considers apostates) than like the realization of a dystopian alternateRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham ( Isis )838 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Are ISIS Intentions? This assignment is a qualitative study about Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). What it ISIS? Where does it come from? What are its intentions? These questions seem to be simple but can be misrepresenting. According to Schmitt, Major General Nagata, the Special Operations commander for the U.S. in the Middle East, admitted that that he had barely begun figuring out the Islamic State?s appeal. ?We have not defeated the idea,? he said. ?We do not even understandRead MoreThe Islamic State During Iraq And Al Sham ( Isis )1703 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual or society responds well to the hardships and suffering it encounters, that individual or society will continue to improve and evolve. Today, the media reports that the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) is struggling to gain power for their people through the reacquisition of land and reunification of Islamic people. ISIS has threatened attacks on the western world, should they attempt to intervene in this struggle (Ivison, 2014). The western world views this as a threat to its powerRead MoreThe Fall Of The Taliban Group809 Words   |  4 Pageswar on Afghanistan, forced Zarqawi to escape to Iraq. There his existence went widely unnoticed till the Bush administration used it as evidence that al-Qaeda was in relation with Saddam Hussein and they would get assistance through his regime. In fact, though, Zarqawi was a free agent, searching to create his own terror group organization. Briefly after the US-led Occupation of Iraq in 2003, he set up the forerunner to today’s Islamic State: Jama’at al-Tawhid w’al-Jihad (the Party of Monotheism andRead MoreWhat Is The Potential Of The Islamic State Attacks?767 Words   |  4 PagesWith the increase of Islamic State-affiliated attacks by radicalized â€Å"Lone Wolf† actors and dedicated Islamic State fighters, it is necessary to consider the potential for similar attacks in the United States. The November 2015, coordinated attack in Paris, France, and the January 2015, shooting in the Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris, demonstrated the Islamic States ability to coordinate complex attacks in physical locations however, the true measure of the Islamic States potential lies in its abilityRead MoreSyria During The Middle East1666 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuously inhabited cities in the world (CIA Fact Book). Once a part of the Ottoman Empire, Syria was controlled by France following World War I until it gained its independence in 1946. Following independence, Syria has been in a rather consistent state of turmoil and government coups leading to instability in not only the country but also the region as a whole. Current Events Syria has been in a Civil War officially since July 2012 when the Red Cross declared it so that Geneva Conventions couldRead MoreThe Islamic State : An Accident Of History1579 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Islamic State is an accident of history, emerging from multiple political, economic, and social tensions in the Middle East. It has challenged the territorial divisions forced in the region following the fall of the Ottoman Empire by shaping out for itself a large area of territory. But ultimately, its consequence will flow as much from its challenge to settled concepts of government, national sovereignty, and national identity. The Islamic State is most well-known for the violence

Analysis Of Chinua Achebe s An Image Of Africa

Nathaniel Oehl 4/4/2016 In Defense of Conrad: A Response to Achebe’s â€Å"An Image of Africa† In â€Å"An Image of Africa†, Chinua Achebe comes to the bold conclusion that Joseph Conrad â€Å"was a bloody racist† (788), with his discussion centering primarily on Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as a racist text. Achebe’s reasoning for this branding rests on the claims that Conrad depicts Africa as â€Å"a place of negations at once remote and vaguely familiar in comparison with which Europe s own state of spiritual grace will be manifest† (783), that Africans in Heart of Darkness are dehumanized through both the characterization of individual Africans and the Congo as a setting, and finally that Marlow is no more than a mouthpiece for Conrad’s personal views on race and imperialism. However, Achebe makes critical oversights and contradictions in the development of each of these argumentative pillars, which prove fatal to the validity of his overarching cont ention. This should not be construed, though, as a yes-or-no assessment of whether Conrad was a racist outside of what his written work suggests—Achebe himself has â€Å"neither the desire nor, indeed, the competence to do so with the tools of the social and biological sciences† (783)—but as an assessment of claims specific to Heart of Darkness and their implications for Conrad’s views and attitudes. Achebe’s first allegation is that Conrad, and Western society in general, develops Africa â€Å"as a foil to Europe† in order to draw attention toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Heart Of Darkness By Chinua Achebe1364 Words   |  6 Pages In Chinua Achebe’s essay, â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad s Heart of Darkness,† Achebe purports that Joseph Conrad’s short story, Heart of Darkness, should not be taught due to it’s racist caricature of Africa and African culture. In Conrad’s book, Marlow, a sea captain, is tasked with venturing into the center of the Congo, otherwise known as the Heart of Darkness, to retrieve a mentally unstable ivory trader named Kurtz. Marlow narrates his adventures with a tinge of apathy for the enslavedRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1166 Words   |  5 Pagesof the most popular topics of modern literature. The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad depicts a story of colonization took place in the Belgian Congo through Marlow’s perspective. In this book, the author portrays the European ideas of civilizing Africa as well as the ideas of imperialism and racism. Although Conrad refers darkness many times in the book, especially in the title, he did not give any clear statement what the darkness was and what aim is he approached by the use of darkness. ThroughRead More THINGS FALL APART Essay684 Words   |  3 Pages Summary and Analysis of: Things Fall Apart nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many lessons that we learn in life. Chinua Achebe?s Things Fall Apart teaches one of life?s greatest lesson. True, lasting happiness matters more than ones social rank or ones rank of wealth. Okonkwo, who is the main character in this book, is trying his best to be the man that is father was not. His father was a well known bum and a man who owed a lot of debts. Okonkwo felt that men are always suppose to be strongRead MoreThe Distorted Images in Heart of Darkness4513 Words   |  19 PagesThe distorted images in Heart of Darkness Abstract In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad exposes the evil of the imperialism and pays sympathy to the oppressed Africans. But affected by imperialist ideology, he serves as a racist and a defender of the imperialism when he attempts to condemn the colonizers. This paper will be analyzing the distorted images in Heart of darkness from the perspective of post-colonialism and Orientalism theory. The present paper is divided into five parts: Part 1 isRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pages More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absenceRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 PagesThe Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart    The only women respected in Umuofia are those like Chielo, the priestess of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves, who is removed from the pale of normalcy. Clothed in the mystic mantle of the divinity she serves, Chielo transforms from the ordinary; she can reprimand Okonkwo and even scream curses at him: Beware of exchanging words with Agbala [the name of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves]. Does a man speak when a God speaks? BewareRead MorePost Colonial Afric State Building And Economic Modernization1596 Words   |  7 PagesPost Colonial Africa: State-Building and Economic Modernization The professor Ali Mazrui, imaginatively titled one of his journal articles â€Å" Africa Between the Baobab Tree and the Owl of Minerva: A Post Colonial Narrative of Memory and Learning†. The choice that Mazrui made in this title is particularly interesting; by juxtaposing two symbols, that are respectively associated with African and European cultures, he acknowledges the profound impact that Europe has left after colonization. It is trueRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Criminal Profile And Behavioral And Personality...

Criminal profile and behavioural/personality characteristics: Born Theodore Robert Cowell to Louise Cowell on November 24, 1946, at a home for unwed mothers in Vermont. For the first several years of his life, Ted grew up as his mother’s shameful secret, believing his grandparents were his parents and his mother was his sister to hide that he was an illegitimate child since her parents were deeply religious. It was also rumored that his grandpa was actually his biological father but that was never proven. Bundy showed an unusual interest in macabre at an early age and by age 3 became fascinated by knives. He was deeply embarrassed by his family’s working-class status and often fantasized about being adopted by rich TV actors. Aside from this Bundy grew up in a content, working-class family and despite his parental circumstances and mundane surroundings, Bundy was well behaved and grew into an attractive teen who was generally liked and bright. As a teenager a darker side of his character started to emerge, he liked to peer into other people’s windows and thought nothing of stealing things he wanted from other people. There was one other dark tremor in Bundy’s adolescence when he was fourteen, 8-year-old neighbor Ann Marie Burr vanished and many years later Police would begin to suspect that Bundy was responsible. When Ted Bundy was thirteen years old, he discovered â€Å"dirty magazines† in a dump near his home. He was instantly captivated by them and in time, Bundy becameShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Criminal Justice1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Criminal Profiling Criminal Profiling is a method of identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offense and the manner in which it was committed. It most notably can be traced back to work done in the later part of the last century, and possibly even earlier in a variety of forms. There has been a definite growth since this early work, with many individuals doing a great deal of both research and practical work in criminal profiling. The investigativeRead MoreCriminal Profiling: Does it Really Work? Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal profiling has become a very popular and controversial topic. Profiling is used in many different ways to identify a suspect or offender in a criminal investigation. â€Å"Criminal profiling is the process of using behavioral and scientific evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology† (Torres, Boccaccini, Miller, 2006, p. 51). â€Å"The science of profiling rests on two foundation blocks, basic forensicRead MoreWhat is the importance of Criminal Profiling?1311 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿What is the importance of Criminal Profiling? By Tiffany Collier Criminal Profiling is a great way to try to understand the suspect as a person. It is necessary to learn who the individual is in order to track and locate them. The person’s information is vital to an investigation. Things such as habits, history of violence, family, education, schedules/routines, and personality traits just to name a few. This new development of investigating is helpful in obtaining fugitives quickerRead MoreCriminal Law Enforcement Agencies With Solving Cases1678 Words   |  7 PagesFor years criminal profilers within the FBI have assisted law enforcement agencies with solving cases. Criminal profilers identify criminal characteristics based on an examination of the crime scene, evidence, the nature of the crime, and the victim. According to Brent Turvey, in his book, Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis, the criminal profile is a report that includes probable psychological, geographical, physical, relational, or social characteristics of the offenderRead MorePolice Profiling And Its Effectiveness1317 Words   |  6 PagesSentence i. Brief background into profiling and how it connects to the previously mentioned case, leading into the thesis. c. Thesis Statement i. Profiling is something that every person has or will do at some point in their life; some may even profile without even realizing it. There are various forms of profiling which will be discussed, along with the history behind profiling and how it has been used successfully by Law Enforcement in several areas as a field on investigation (Douglass, ResslerRead MoreEssay about Issues In Psychological Profiling1329 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Profiling Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combines both sociologicalRead MoreCriminal Profiling : An Investigative Tool1359 Words   |  6 Pagesforces such as the FBI and the police use criminal profiling as an investigative tool aimed at helping them identify or predict characteristics of criminals who are not yet identified. Criminal profiling as an investigation tool allows investigators to compile and establish the right description of the criminal implicated. Investigators can also use geographical profiling to establish the location of the criminal. The criminal profil ing procedure is used by detectives to satisfy certain needs inRead MoreThe Validity Of Criminal Profiling Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Validity of Criminal Profiling and its Effectiveness on Solving Crime In law, law enforcement relies on a variety of approaches to solving crimes. One method of doing so, is criminal profiling. Police use criminal profiling as an aid to identify the typology of individuals most likely to fit the suspect profile. In this approach, evidence of a crime is used to identify the characteristics of the criminal in relation to their personality and psychological state of mind. As wellRead MoreTheories of Crime Causation Essay example1589 Words   |  7 Pagesfind answers and possibly cab the high level of crime that the world faces today (Siegel, 2010). Many of the theories developed give varying analytical statistics on the causes that lead people to commit crimes; right from common crimes to high profile criminal offenses; this study aims at discussing two theories, one from choice theories and the other from trait theories. Throughout the discussion, details will be given in support of why crimes according to the two theories under study. T he study andRead MoreProfiling in Law Enforcement751 Words   |  3 PagesThe term profiling is defined as â€Å"the use of personal characteristics or behavior patterns to make a generalization about a person†; therefore, this refers to gender profiling. The second part of the definition also states the â€Å"use of these characteristics to determine whether a person may be engaged in illegal activity† refers to what is called racial profiling (Dictionary.com, n.d.). Profiling has been used within in law enforcement for a number of years, as it provides informational analysis

Ellis Island Essay Research Paper ELLIS ISLAND free essay sample

Ellis Island Essay, Research Paper ELLIS ISLAND Ellis Island has a long history, was needed, and was the # 8220 ; Gateway to America # 8221 ; from 1892 until it closed in 1954, when it began its slow decay. The island was called Gull Island by the Indians and Oyster Island by the Dutch. Subsequently the English erected a gallows tree or gallows on the island for hanging felons and so the island became known as Gibbet Island. The Indians sold it to the Dutch East India Company for bangles. The company subsequently sold it to Mynheer Paauw who besides bought land along the New Jersey coastline. Samuel Ellis, a colonial merchandiser bought the island and it became at last Ellis Island. After the Revolution, the island was sold to New York State and in 1811, Fort Gibson was built on it in readying for the War of 1812. No contending took topographic point at Fort Gibson it was chiefly a weaponries storage garrison. We will write a custom essay sample on Ellis Island Essay Research Paper ELLIS ISLAND or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When immigrants began, pouring into New York City, New York State processed them at an old garrison known as Castle Clinton on the Battery at the tip of Manhattan. When that installation became excessively little for the big figure of immigrants geting in the state, they chose Ellis Island as the new in-migration centre. After raising new wooden edifices, it opened in 1892 but those edifices burned in 1897. New edifices were erected in 1900 and it reopened. Finally the control of in-migration was turned over to the Federa fifty authorities. Ellis Island was the chief federal in-migration station the # 8220 ; Gateway to America # 8221 ; in the United States from 1892 to 1954. More than 12 million immigrants were processed here. Over clip, the in-migration station spread over 3 affiliated islands with legion constructions including a infirmary and contagious disease wards. It is estimated that over 40 per centum of all citizens can follow their lineage to those who came through Ellis Island. In its early old ages, when the greatest figure of immigrants entered the state, Ellis Island mirrored the state # 8217 ; s generous attitude and unfastened door policy. After transition of in-migration Torahs in the 1920s, it was used more for # 8220 ; assembly, detention, and behaving foreigners, # 8221 ; and symbolized a shutting door. Immigrants were required to base on balls a series of medical and legal reviews before they could come in America. The existent experience of traveling through review or detention on Ellis Island was frequently nervus wracking. Those who did non go through these reviews were returned to their state of beginning on the boats that brought them here. Even though merely 2 per centum of those coming to America were turned off at Ellis Island, that translated to over 250,000 people whose hopes and dreams turned to cryings. It was the # 8220 ; Gateway to America # 8221 ; , it was needed, and it was built. Ellis Island Bibliography rudiment. ata ; lskdfl ; kafjdsl ; kajs

The Three Sisters monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay Example For Students

The Three Sisters monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Moscow Arts Theatre Series of Plays. Ed. Oliver M. Sayler. New York: Brentanos, 1922. VERSHININ: Yes. How strange everything really is! When the fire broke out, I hurried off home; when I get there I see the house is whole, uninjured, and in no danger, but my two girls are standing by the door in just their underclothes, their mother isn\t there, the crowd is excited, horses and dogs are running about, and the girl\s faces are so agitated, terrified, beseeching, and I don\t know what else. My heart hurt me, when I saw those faces. My God, I thought, what these girls will have to put up with if they live long! I caught them up and ran, and still kept on thinking the one thing: what they will have to live through in this world! I come here and find their mother shouting and angry. And when my girls were standing by the door in just their underclothes, and the street was red from the fire, there was a dreadful noise, and I thought that something of the sort used to happen many years ago when an enemy made a sudden attack, and looted, and burned . . . And at the same t ime what a difference there really is between the present and the past! And when a little more time has gone by, in two or three hundred years perhaps, people will look at our present life with just the same fear, and the same contempt, and the whole past will seem clumsy and dull, and very uncomfortable, and strange. Oh, indeed, what a life there will be, what a life. Forgive me, I\ve dropped into philosophy again. Please let me continue. I do long to philosophize, I\m in just that sort of mood. As if they are all asleep. As I was saying: what a life there will be! Only just imagine . . . There are only three persons like yourselves in the town just now, but in future generations there will be more and more, and still more, and the time will come when everything will change and become as you would have it, people will live as you do, and then you, too, will go out of date; people will be born who are better than you Yes, to-day, I am in a most peculiar mood. I am devilishly kee n on living The power of love is known to all the world, Great good grows out of it

Analysis of Philips versus Matsushita †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Philips versus Matsushita. Answer: Introduction The case study reflected the competitive battle between the two famous companies, Philips and Matsushita Electric. Philips initially concentrated on a single product and with the passage of time it evolved as the market leader in industrial research. There was cost pressure for both companies, Phillips and Matsushita when they were operating outside the home country. Both the companies wanted to follow the transnational strategy of reducing cost and modifying the products but they did not succeed. The organizational structure of both the companies stood as a problem for their expansion and growth and it was difficult to change them. Although Philips is decentralized and Matsushita being centralized yet it was difficult for both the companies to expand and capture the market (Nikabadi, Dehghan and Farmanian-Arani 2015). Changes made in the company-the objectives, implementation and impact: Phillips From 1960s to 1990s, Philips changed its business strategy and the change happened in selling off its business, cutting FTEs, expanding production in low cost countries, investment in research and development. Philips followed centralized leadership policy. It was forced to create various autonomous subsidiaries in UK and US and it has resulted to loss of power and control. There was struggle between the national organizations and product divisions and this has led to poor productivity. In 1998, the focus was on consumer electronics and other technologies which helped in increasing brand awareness in the market. In 2001, the focus was on product development, channelmanagement and brand awareness. The company outsourced its production of CD players, TVs and other products to the low cost countries such as Mexico, Poland and China (Gunasekaran et al. 2015). Philips sold several of its businesses for components like audio, mobile phone and the semiconductor business. The company focused on high volume and volatile consumer products. It continued its innovation in plasma TV and LCDs and also on other basic products of the developing market. In the later phase, the company also changed its marketing strategy and reduced the number of retail chains. It focused on giants supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco to capture the market. In 2007, the company communicated its 2010 vision strategic plan to increase its profitability areas. In 2008, the organizational structure was simplified by forming three major sectors: consumer lifestyle, healthcare and lightning. These helped Philips to be customer centric and fulfill the needs of its valuable customers. Phillips targeted to be a leading brand in well being and health sector of business. In the later part of 2008, Philips gave its licensing to Funai for marketing and manufacturing TVs under the brand name of Philips. It also extended its license to cover products such as DVD, Blu-Ray and home theatre in other countries. Th e 2010 Vision strategy has tried to make Philips as the leading and growing brand in the health sector. The core competency for Philips is innovation but the company needs to realize that to increase its sales, it must focus on its brand and marketing (Wei, Samiee and Lee 2014). The change is hard for Philips because it should narrow down its products and focus on marketing and advertising. The focus of the product must be in accordance with the needs and demands of the customers (Rego, Morgan and Fornell 2013). Matsushita During 1950s and 1960s, the company focused on trade liberalization and lowered the shipping cost to expand its export business in TV sets. The company opened its branch office in America and tried to expand its network through selling by merchandisers and discounters. The manufacturing cost has increased and the company tried to move to low wage countries. The company also started to expand by introducing new technologies such as VCR. In 1972, the company tried to open its plant in Canada and other parts of USA. Between 1977 to 1985, the company increased its sales volume and this has increased the profit of Matsushita. In 1980s, it began to shift to local outsourcing and relocated its headquarter from Japan in order to become entrepreneurial in other global countries. Matsushita started with one product initially but it quickly gained market penetration and diversified by the steep number of retail outlets. It has also adopted the structure of product division. It expanded its prod uction to low wage countries and thus began marketing and manufacturing of VCRs. It also began decentralizing its leadership in relation to the local division of workforce. During the mid of 1980s, the growing number of these global companies helped the parent companies in either of the two ways: it wholly owned the company or a single product of the plant to the correct product division. The product division helped to maintain control in the offshore operation. The international sales of the Matsushita grew rapidly and the host countrys pressure helped to raise concern about the centralized operation of the company. The most important innovation of the company during this period is to increase its innovation for the overseas company and give them more choice and option of their products. Matsushita was centralized and they have many permanent employees which becomes a difficult task if the organization had to restructure and thus this affects the cost efficiency of the company. In April 1998, the company reorganized and strengthened its European Industrial Operation along with the creation of the Panasonic Industrial Europe. The new group so formed had its headquarter in Hamburg, Germany and its regional office in varied locations such as UK, Italy, Spain. The turnover of this new group was more than one million Euros and it had achieved its target in the first year of its business. There were more than 300 staffs in marketing, personnel support and sales. The chairman of Matsushita, Kunio Nakamura has declared that the company wanted to take these measures to remain competitive in the global market. Panasonic targeted to become the green innovation company in electronic industry by the end of 2018. The change is hard for Matsushita because they did not analyze the customers demand in the future and adjust the strategies accordingly. The company must integrate the change through various formal strategies and activities (Aguilera-Caracuel and Ortiz-de-Mandojan a 2013). Recommendations for Gerald Kleisterlee Gerald Kleisterlee, the CEO of Philips had to focus on some particular areas to expand the growth of its business. He must focus on the employees morale and adopt a stronger marketing approach. When Gerald Kleisterlee took charge of the company, he outsourced the products of Philips to the countries where the cost of production is very low. This created a reduction in the layoffs as it had increase drastically. This has also affected the cost of production of the company. The employees also get demoralized and have the fear of losing their jobs. Kleisterlee must develop such a strategy which helps to foster engagement of the employees and development of the company. Moreover, the company fails to market it product effectively and this must be taken care of by Keisterlee. Philips being an innovative company must try to remain in the market power (Tajvidi and Karami 2015). Keisterlee must focus on the marketing and branding strategy. Efforts must also be made to increase the market sha re of the company. Keisterlee must also try to decentralize Phillips if possible. The headquarter of Philips in Holland must be reallocated to some other countries where it can expand its market. This will help the company to serve its customers more efficiently. Keisterlee must check that the company spends adequate amount of money on research and development. This will help Philips to compete with the other companies and expand its production line (Ren, Eisingerich and Tsai, 2015). Recommendations to Eumio Ohtsubo The founder of Matsushita, Kanosuke Matsushita developed the company on the basis of a particular philosophy. The development and progress of the company can be attained through the co-operation and the combined efforts of the employees of the company. Matsushita also developed certain standards for the proper attitude of the employees and develop a dedication for their work. Matsushita had a clear vision and he valued the importance of team work and recognized the employees as the valuable assets of the company. So Ohtsubo must try to revise the structure of themanagement and fulfill the targets of Matsushita. Moreover, Ohtsubo should also develop such a strategy which will help to ensure employees engagement in the company. Efforts must also be made to check that there is proper communication within the employees and themanagement so that the company can run efficiently. The operation of the company must be centralized and their must be strict measures for the overseas operation. M oreover, research and development must be outsourced so that the company can develop and expand quickly. Ohtsubo must also keep an eye on the marketing of the products and check that the products reach the market easily (Matisoff, Noonan and Mazzolin 2014). Conclusion Both the companies must expand its production by improving its innovation strategy and they must outsource the products in low wage countries. Philips and Matsushita must also expand its research and development area and develop a strong bonding with the employees. This will help them to increase their revenue in the long run. Philips adopted a multi-domestic strategy and thus there was no organizational unity and control over the employees. This strategy of Philips did not allow the company to develop its areas on global innovations. It is vital that both the companies must adopt a transactional strategy. This will help both the company to overcome the flaws in global innovation. Moreover, both the companies must also localize the sales in the global or regional level. This will help the companies to bring its consumers closer to them and it will be easier to respond to the taste and preferences of the consumers. References Aguilera-Caracuel, J. and Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N., 2013. Green innovation and financial performance: An institutional approach.Organization Environment,26(4), pp.365-385. Gunasekaran, A., Irani, Z., Choy, K.L., Filippi, L. and Papadopoulos, T., 2015. Performance measures and metrics in outsourcing decisions: A review for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,161, pp.153-166. Matisoff, D.C., Noonan, D.S. and Mazzolini, A.M., 2014. Performance or marketing benefits? The case of LEED certification.Environmental science technology,48(3), pp.2001-2007. Nikabadi, M.S., Dehghan, M. and Farmanian-Arani, M., 2015. The effect ofknowledge management strategies on performance of new product development in knowledge-based companies.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,8(S7), pp.263-277. Rego, L.L., Morgan, N.A. and Fornell, C., 2013. Reexamining the market sharecustomer satisfaction relationship.Journal of Marketing,77(5), pp.1-20. Ren, S., Eisingerich, A.B. and Tsai, H.T., 2015. How do marketing, research and development capabilities, and degree of internationalization synergistically affect the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? A panel data study of Chinese SMEs.International Business Review,24(4), pp.642-651. Tajvidi, M. and Karami, A., 2015. Product Development Strategy. InProduct Development Strategy(pp. 79-124). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Wei, Y.S., Samiee, S. and Lee, R.P., 2014. The influence of organic organizational cultures, market responsiveness, and product strategy on firm performance in an emerging market.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.49-70.

The Problem with Disney Movies Essay Example

The Problem with Disney Movies Essay If you search on the internet using the word Disney along with any words similar to bad, evil, racist or even satanic then countless websites, videos and articles appear and explain to us exactly how these negative words and statements related to Disney are true. Many articles claim that Disney corrupts kids in many ways by teachingthem bad values such as racism, chauvinism, non acceptance of gay people, blacks and in general anyone different. Some themes of Disney movies are based on real and actual events. There are claims that theDisney company twists the story to their liking and they end up leaving history behind. By doing that they give kids wrong information. An example of this is in the Disney movie Pocahontas. The movie is about the Native Americans in the United States.The main characters are John Smith and Pocahontas. The movie tells their love story and ends with a happy ending. The problem is that the story told in the movie is unfaithful to the real story of Pocahontas. Another claim that is probably the most known one is that Disney plants unreal and unachievable expectations of body image in young impressionable minds. The male character is always handsome and has big muscles, while the female character is thin and tall and always beautiful. Disney makes kids feel insecure by creating perfect idols such as those perfect, unrealistic characters. If a kid is overweight, handicapped, short, hairy or has any physical features that are not perceived as beautiful, he will often feel insecure about his looks and will feel bad about himself in general. The problem with that is that usually when a kid develops insecurity at such a young age, it usually can stick with him and affect him for the rest his life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Disney Movies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Disney Movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem with Disney Movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another thing relating to the unrealistic expectations Disney sets out is the gender roles portrayed in the movies and the sexual preferences they imply that everyone should have. They always show in their movies pri

Personal Statement for a Traineeship Application

Personal Statement for a Traineeship Application Motivation letter is one of the most fundamental parts of your traineeship application. It’s your chance to make your application stand out and demonstrate your passion and dedication towards your career and academic success at the same time. Most applicants struggle to write a personal statement or motivation essay  for a traineeship, but it doesn’t have to be too difficult. Basically, your job is to write why they should hire you, your goals and so on. There are no specific topics you should discuss and most applications don’t require specific length. For example, you don’t have to meet 500-word count. Your motivation letter for traineeship can be between 50 and 200 words long, or a little bit more. Someone can write a letter 800-words long while another person can write only 200 and still have a better statement. It’s about quality, not quantity. It’s important to be specific, clear, and precise. In order to write a high-quality motivation letter, it’s essential to read the traineeship requirements not only because you want to ensure you match them, but because it’s good to reflect them in the essay. Another useful thing you can do is to do a little research, use all perks that Google offers, and find out as much as you can about the organization, company, university etc. You can mention some things in the essay to show that you truly appreciate that institution and everything it stands for. Just like with CV, you should avoid using I too often in the essay for the traineeship. The reason is simple; you don’t want the entire essay to focus only on you but on the traineeship program and the organization. Your goal is to describe how everyone can benefit by choosing you for that position: you get to learn, they get to work with a reliable and trustworthy person who’s willing to learn and absorb. With that being said, your traineeship motivation letter should include the following: Who you are – introduce yourself without making it look like you’re bragging or complaining. Make it professional! Why you assume you’re the perfect fit for the program – when you come to this part, you just have to write your key skills and characteristics that make you ideal for the program. Express your desire to learn, dedication, strict work ethic What do YOU bring to the table – use a sentence or two to describe how the organization can benefit from accepting your application. Again, it’s important to make sure it doesn’t look like you’re bragging. Be realistic and humble, yet confident Your career goal/how will traineeship help you reach it On the next page, you’ll find an example of how to compose motivation letter that will say a lot without using too many words. Remember, motivation letters for traineeship don’t have to be too long! If you are confused with some points of this type of paper writing you can use professional help and say  write my personal statement for me because experienced writers from writing service are available and ready to help.

Jean Paul Sartre essays

Jean Paul Sartre essays From the early to late 20th century a philosopher by the name of Jean-Paul Sartre became a major spokes person for existentialism, catching the largest audience in all the history of philosophy. Sartre developed a sort of chain of philosophy with and responsibilities for humanity to live by. He expressed that every individuals first responsibility to, not only their self, but to humanity as well, was to realize they exist and define themselves as who they are and how they will be. From there he believed that everyone is free to make choices, and everyone is responsible for realizing that every choice made not only affects their future but humanities as well. Once those choices are made, he felt it is every individual's responsibility to get what they want, and not sit and wait for it to happen. He felt that humanity relied too much on God in all these aspects of life, and he felt God was too unreliable. People needed to be shown that every individual is responsible for every aspect of theirs and humanities future. People can only rely on themselves. People must realize that they exist without the help of God and learn to define themselves as human before anything else. This is the first step on Sartre's chain of philosophy. Everything that has been created has been developed from an idea or concept before it actually existed. Take for example a knife, the artisan who creates one has a concept of its appearance and usage before be begins to develop it. In this case the knifes essence came before its existence. But in the case of humans Sartre felt this was not so. His atheistic existentialist approach was that if God does not exist there is at least one being whose existence comes before its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any concept of it. That he believed was humans. Therefore humans must first of all exist, encounter themselves, and then define themselves or develop their concept of self afterwards. ...

France Essays

France Essays France Essay France Essay Social landscape France has Rupees second-highest birth rate, and has shown an upward trend since the sass. Frances birth rate of around two children per woman in 2010 makes it one of only two European countries that could maintain their current population based on present trends. The problem of an aging population is becoming more apparent. Additional government expenditure between now and 2050 due to increased pensions, healthcare, and dependency care related to the aging population is predicted to be more than 4% of GAP. Technological landscape France has a favorable innovation climate, which is reflected in the large number of patents received. In 2010, the total number of patents received from the US Patent and Trademark Office (SPOT) reached 124,723, which indicates the countrys strong support for innovation and R. The governments interventionist attitude, as seen in the case of Internet advertising, and the ongoing withdrawal of business-friendly schemes like the Young Innovative Company (YOGIC) concept will affect Industrial growth, and could reduce investments In the country. Legal landscape Foreign investments increased by 22% In 2010, with 782 projects leading to nearly 32,000 Jobs, an increase of 6% compared to 2009. Many of these projects were related to the renewable energy sector. In 2010, foreign companies based In France created two million Jobs. Many of the governments tax and labor reforms have been met with cynicism and public protests. The government Is planning to Increase weekly working hours to 39 from the current 35 and abolish the wealth tax Limp ¶t De solidarity © sure la fortune. However, these moves are bound to face public outrage and demonstration. :

11 Geographic Facts About the Gulf of Mexico

11 Geographic Facts About the Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico is a large ocean basin near the Southeastern United States. It is a part of the Atlantic Ocean and is bounded by Mexico to the southwest, Cuba to the southeast, and the Gulf Coast of the United States on the north, which includes the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas (map). The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world at a width of 810 nautical miles (1,500 km). The entire basin is about 600,000 square miles (1.5 million sq km). Most of the basin consists of shallow intertidal areas, but its deepest point is called Sigsbee Deep and has an estimated depth of about 14,383 feet (4,384 m).The Gulf of Mexico itself and the regions surrounding it are highly biodiverse and feature large fishing economies. The economics of the area as well as the environment thus are sensitive to pollution.   To learn more about the Gulf of Mexico, visit the  Gulf of Mexico Program  from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Gulf of Mexico Geographic Facts Here are 11 facts about the geography of the region: 1) The Gulf of Mexico likely formed as a result of seafloor subsidence (or the gradual sinking of the seafloor) about 300 million years ago. 2) The first European exploration of the Gulf of Mexico occurred in 1497 when Amerigo Vespucci sailed along Central America and entered the Atlantic Ocean through the Gulf of Mexico and the Straits of Florida (the strip of water between present-day Florida and Cuba). 3) Further exploration of the Gulf of Mexico continued throughout the 1500s, and after numerous shipwrecks in the region, settlers and explorers decided to establish a settlement along the northern Gulf Coast. They said this would protect shipping, and in the event of an emergency, rescue would be nearby. Thus, in 1559, Tristn de Luna y Arellano landed at Pensacola Bay and established a settlement.4) The Gulf of Mexico today is bordered by 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of U.S. coastline and is fed with water from 33 major rivers that flow out of the United States. The largest of these rivers is the Mississippi River. Along the south and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico is bordered by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche,  and Yucatn. This region consists of about 1,394 miles (2,243 km) of coastline. The southeast is bordered by the northwest portion of Cuba, which includes the capital, Havana.5) An important feature of the Gulf of Mexico is the Gulf Stream, which is a warm Atlantic current that begins in the region and flows north into the Atlantic Ocean. Because it is a warm current, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico are normally also warm, which feeds Atlantic hurricanes and helps in giving them strength. Climate change thats warming waters further is also making them larger, as in increased intensity and amount of water. Hurricanes are common along the Gulf Coast, such as Katrina in 2005, Ike in 2008, Harvey in 2016, and Michael in 2018.  6) The Gulf of Mexico features a wide continental shelf, specifically around Florida and the Yucatn Peninsula. Because this continental shelf is easily accessible, the Gulf of Mexico is exploited for oil with offshore oil drilling rigs centered in the Bay of Campeche and the western Gulf region. Eighteen percent of the countrys oil comes from offshore wells in the Gulf. There are 4,000 drilling platforms there.  Natural gas is also extracted.7) Fisheries are also extremely productive in the Gulf of Mexico, and many Gulf Coast states have economies centered on fishing in the area. In the United States, the Gulf of Mexico has four of the countrys largest fishing ports, while in Mexico the region has eight of the top 20 largest. Shrimp and oysters are among the largest fish products that come from the Gulf.8) Recreation and tourism are also a significant part of the economy of the lands surrounding the Gulf of Mexico. Recreational fishing is popular, as are water sports and tourism along the coastal regions.9) The Gulf of Mexico is a highly biodiverse area and features many coastal wetlands and mangrove forests. The wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico cover around 5 million acres (2.02 million hectares). Seabirds, fish, and reptiles are abundant, as well as bottlenose dolphins, a large population of sperm whales, and sea turtles.10) In the United States the population of the coastal regions surrounding the Gulf of Mexico is estimated to number more than 60 million people by 2025, as states such as Texas (the second most populous state) and Florida (the third most populous state) are growing quickly. 11)  The Gulf of Mexico was the site of a large  oil spill  that occurred on April 22, 2010, when an oil drilling platform, the Deepwater Horizon, suffered an explosion and sank into the Gulf about 50 miles (80 km) from Louisiana. Eleven people died in the explosion and an estimated 5,000 barrels of oil per day leaked into the Gulf of Mexico from the 18,000-foot (5,486 m) well on the platform. Cleanup crews attempted to burn the oil off of the water, gather the oil and move it, and block it from hitting the coast. Cleanup  and fines cost BP $65 billion. SourcesFausset, Richard. (April 23, 2010). Flaming Oil Rig Sinks in Gulf of Mexico. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from: http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/23/nation/la-na-oil-rig-20100423Robertson, Campbell and Leslie Kaufman. (April 28, 2010). Size of Spill in Gulf of Mexico is Larger than Thought. New York Times. Retrieved from: nytimes.com/2010/04/29/us/29spill.htmlU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (February 26, 2010). General Facts about the Gulf of Mexico: GMPO: US EPA. Retrieved from: epa.gov/gmpo/about/facts.html#resources.

Human resource strategies should be underpinned by 'organisation Essay

Human resource strategies should be underpinned by 'organisation development' theories which suggest ways that people in an organisation should be managed - Essay Example (Cusack, no date, p.1) 1. Human Resource – This is referring to an inventory of talents, skills and capabilities of a group of persons which may be tapped for a purpose of economic value. The FreeDictionary by Farlex, 2005, defines is as â€Å"The company department charged with finding, screening, recruiting and training job applicants, as well as administering employee-benefit programs 2. Organizational Development – It is basically a method for facilitating change and development in people (styles, values, skills), technology (greater simplicity, complexity), and in organizational processes (relationships, roles). For example, if a HR manager wants to introduce a form of participative management where a paternalistic style has traditionally existed, he or she would have to become an â€Å"inside change agent.† (Chruden & Sherman, 1984, p.548) 4. Human resource strategies – It therefore means plans for the maximum use of the inventory of talents, skills and capabilities of group of persons which may be tapped for a purpose of economic value. 5. Organizational Development Strategies – We could define it as a plan to facilitate change and development in people, in technology and in organizational processes. The topic also defines OD strategy by saying, â€Å"which suggests that people in the organization should be managed.† The proposition must be true because one cannot have human resource strategies without human beings and human resource does not only talk about individual human resource in isolation but also of how to combine these individual resources in the context of an organization (Dictionary Definition of organisation, 2005) or group of humans or people to attain corporate objectives. A corporation, a partnership or even a sole proprietorship is a business organization with people in it either in the form of an employee, manager,

Response to an essay exam Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to an exam - Essay Example It is evident that believer may be losing the culture war to the non believers because of the continued decline in moral directions and the minimal religious liberty in the United States today. There are different flashpoints that have a greater contribution to the debate of whether God exists or not. Scientists have challenged the notion about the universe’s age. They strongly believe that it must be at least millions of years old while the bible estimates it to be less than ten thousand years old. A major contribution to this flashpoint was when astronomers came up with two systems of measurement to establish that near galaxies are millions of light years away. This brought a viewpoint different from that of believers that consider creation to have taken place in six days. This theory created another flash point of the big bang theory challenging the belief of how the universe was created. Scientist state that the universe was made with the big bang. It started from space then dispersing from each other formed the universe. George Gamow contribution to the culture war was by his theory that the universe may have formed from a hot beginning that would be cooled to form protons. However, he did not have a clear explanation of what caused the big bang. Christians, on the other hand, are sure that God created the universe and structured it specifically to be the way it is. (Edwin and Leigh, 2002) In evolution, Charles Darwin developed a materialistic view of the universe in which he stated that there is no God, only matter. He made the theoretical perception from Ivanivich Oparin’s study of how gases and water formed organic molecules when charged with electricity. Darwin states that the early life begun naturally and evolved to more complex forms as time passed by. Man evolved from animals like apes and monkeys and became more complex in body and mind over the years. He assessed that human beings are no different from animals and share similar

Adopting a simple profit-maximising perspective ..... can have Essay - 2

Adopting a simple profit-maximising perspective ..... can have positive impacts for a firm,Using examples where appropriate, discuss this assertion - Essay Example This paper will examine the positive impact of the firm by applying the profit maximization strategies and perspectives. Different aspects of profit maximization of the firms and their strategies in order to maximize their profit will be studied in this paper. Some firms achieve its profit maximizing objectives by developing and implementing several strategies by motivating its employees and managers, improving returns on investments, and increasing product awareness etc. Competitive strategies that a firm implement to maximize its profits are as follows: A firm can destabilize its competitors by increasing its market share and sell the products or services at the same prices as competitors do to maximize its profit and creating a positive impact on the firm. A firm having the capability to produce the product at low cost can maximize its profit easily and in short time(Business Plan Hut 2012). A firm uses differentiation strategy usually to gain a competitive advantage over the existing workers inside that firm. Profit maximizing firm adopts this strategy when a customer’s desire and wants are so varied that a consistent product do not satisfy their desire. When customers are placing more value on the differentiated products that a firm is providing to them, then they are force to pay high price to that firm which helps it to maximize its profit(Business Plan Hut 2012). To maximize a firm’s profit and creating a positive impact on that firm, a focus or niche strategy must be huge to give away a healthy profit to that firm. The firm that employs this competitive strategy to maximize its profit experiences a loyal customer base. This competitive strategy helps the firm to maximize its profit that has a positive impact on the firm. Focus Strategy tends to be beneficial for the firm to maximize its profit when the following factors are set: Oil companies believe in long-term profit maximization and avoid large short-term losses and show their

Comparing NorthWest Cost and Great Plains( about Archaeology) Essay

Comparing NorthWest Cost and Great Plains( about Archaeology) - Essay Example Crop production is likely to be aff4cted by the changes of climate and atmospheric conditions. Geoff (2005): Geoff (2005): notes that evaluated CO do increase photosynthesis of plants and ultimately its production. Temperature level and precipitation amounts have a potential of affecting crop production in a negative or positive manner. Negative effect will be due to unfavorable climatic changes. The final level of CO is dependent on the local climatic conditions, for instance, summer air temperatures and higher springs may be god for crop production in northern temperature where they will increase the growing season. On the other hand higher temperatures may being negative effect to crops especially on crop maturity (Geoff, 2005) The entire region of Great Plains is characterized with low annual rainfall, in many cases there is concentration of storms though in a short duration. The temperatures in region keep on fluctuating though the region has average winds which are equivalent to those found in other areas. As historian Prescott W in his book "the great plains" suggests, the northwest European people who settled in the region was faced which three major problems, these were environmental encounters, which were; The landscap 1. Soaring summer temperature in the region 2. Arid southwest and inner west 3. Great unending grasslands which were located across the country (Prescott,1933) The Great Plains environment The landscape and undergrowth of the grasslands is amongst the slightest varied to be located in anyplace in United States. Early on settlers who followed the Oregon Trail were able to get to the Pacific coast in a single spell of travel, this was partly because of easiness to cross the grasslands. The region is located wholly within the inner lowlands physiographic area. The core sedimentary beds fall smoothly. Height increases steadily, almost unnoticeably, from the east side to the west side. Along the eastern border, the height is only 500 meters, while the west parts of Colorado, Denver, has a height of over 1,500 meters. (Zeynep et al, 2004) Geographically, the biggest part of Great Plains is known as the High Plains which stretch down the western margin of the area from south Texas going northward to the southern Nebraska. The region is covered by substantial layer of sediments which are mostly very sandy and very porous, this part is typically flat. However down streams for example, Scottsbluff on the Platte River in western Nebraska erosion has resulted in considerable local relief. (Siegried et al, 2004) Settlement patterns Pre-European settlement of the Great Plains by Indian American was restricted. Hunting, especially for buffalo, at that time was the principal economic activity. Many tribes were living alongside streams in partially permanent homes. With no ways of speedy long-distance land movement the Indians could not live far from the dependable water provisions of the water streams for any prolonged period. This was a considerable problem, since the migration of the buffalo herds meant going leaving the Indian settlers without food (Siegried et al, 2004) The initial American observation of the area as discouraging and not easy place to settle

Stephen Michael Reich Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stephen Michael Reich Biography - Essay Example Reich has established himself as one of the foremost composers of our time, as an early pioneer in American minimalism and tape music. At the Cornell University in the year 1953 to 1957, he has studied philosophy, at Julliard, with Vincent Persichetti, he turned to composition in the beginning from 1958 to 1961, later at the Mills College from 1962 to 1963, with Darius Milhaud and Luciano Berio. Strict diatonic and tonal harmonies and steady strong pulse are general characteristics of Reich’s music. Recently with John Adams and earlier with other first generation minimalists like La Monte Young and Philip Glass are generally grouped with Reich. With an unrelenting pulse, short and repeating melodic figures his music is deeply American and is usually compared to be-bop and rock and roll. European forms and techniques have immensely influenced Reich’s music, like the other minimalist composers, which can be viewed as a reaction to the elitist and academic climate of music .At the San Francisco Tape Music Center, in early 1960’s Reich’s early works were created. The earliest examples of â€Å"phasing†, which is one of the most used and well known techniques of Reich are â€Å"It’s Gonna Rain† which was created in 1965 and in 1966 â€Å" Come out† was produced. In this process, two tape loops are set into motion at two slightly different speeds, so that the tapes begin in unison and slowly shift "out of phase," creating a new set of harmonies and rhythms.... At the San Francisco Tape Music Center, in early 1960's Reich's early works were created. The earliest examples of "phasing", which is one of the most used and well known techniques of Reich are "It's Gonna Rain" which was created in 1965 and in 1966 " Come out" was produced. In this process, two tape loops are set into motion at two slightly different speeds, so that the tapes begin in unison and slowly shift "out of phase," creating a new set of harmonies and rhythms. Later this process was integrated into numerous pieces for instruments and tapes or traditional acoustic instruments like in the Violin Phase and Piano Phase in 1967. Reich also introduced into "Violin Phase", new melodic figures that are produced by overlapping voices of the original theme, the notion of "found" or "resulting" patterns. In the year 1971, in Drumming that was very popular and influential this technique was further explored. Reich intensively studied Ghanaian drumming in 1970, that indirectly or directly led to many of the procedures throughout his career and drumming. Developed and re-orchestrated through four distinct sections this piece is a massive, hour long amplification of a single rhythmic cell. The piece begins by introducing the initial rhythmic pattern in a slow additive process. New harmonic and melodic patterns are created through phasing procedures and further build up and reduction, by doubling, first by female voice, and then by whistling and finally by piccolo these are brought to the fore. Even though strictly diatonic however by more diverse harmonic language and noticeably faster harmonic rate of change, Reich's later

Utopian Societies Essay Example for Free

Utopian Societies Essay Utopian societies are in constant struggle to find perfection in everyday life. In Fahrenheit 451 and The Handmaid’s Tale, each protagonist is struggling with fitting into these boundaries of perfection. When inquisitive minds emerge in a society that strives to be so pure, it can become dangerous not only physically but also emotionally. Although these societies strive for a utopia thinking that it will allow them to reach perfection, it in fact ends in hypocrisy. Hypocrisy is seen in both Fahrenheit 451 and The Handmaid’s Tale through Captain Beatty and the power of books, the government taking Offred’s daughter, and both societies basing their beliefs off of fiction. In Fahrenheit 451 Captain Beatty, a leader and someone to whom the firefighters look up to, has read and made up his own mind about books but will not allow anyone else to read the books which he knows hold so much power. By denying the people to read the books that he himself has read, Beatty is the epitome of a hypocrite. When speaking about the books it is obvious that Beatty understands the great power these books yield, but he refuses to let that power out. This is hypocritical because Beatty tells Montag that the books say nothing! You can teach or believe (Bradbury 59) and yet he still believes that these books have to have enough power that the world must be rid of them. Although Beatty preaches the uselessness of books, he has dedicated his life to burning them all, an admittance in itself that the books hold enough power to change the ideals of the society in which they live. In The Handmaids Tale Offred is accused of being an unfit (Atwood 39) mother for her daughter because of her past. Offred met her husband through being his mistress, but waited until marriage to have a child. The government uses their affair against them, convincing Offred that because the bible says that adultery is a sin that she is not fit to be a mother. To make-up for her affair and illegitimate child, the government gives Offred a choice between being a Handmaid or an un-woman and chooses to become a handmaid. Her duties as a Handmaid, however, are to repeat the same sin that plagued her with this destiny. The hypocrisy surrounding this society and Offreds role in it is that to dissolve yourself of sins, you must keep repeating them. This kind of adultery is seen as righteous because this society bases their beliefs off of the Bible, which, in the story of Rachel and Jacob, deems an affair for the purposes of child bearing as necessary. Through allowing Offred to rid herself of her sins by sleeping with married men, the government is a hypocrisy that uses the Bible to justify their cause. In both novels, each society is based off of myths that cannot be proved or seen. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradburys society follows a strict code of the phoenix: it must all burn to ashes before it can be reborn again. Taking this literally, the society decides that books must be the rebirth of the society, burn[ing] all books (Bradbury 57). The only problem with this is that the Phoenix is based off of mythology, only existing in fiction. Bradburys society is striving to reach a new mythical beginning, setting themselves up for disaster. Likewise, in Atwoods utopian society, their new rules and regulations are based off of the Bible, a book of stories that cannot be proved as non-fiction and are more fantasy than realistic. Many of the stories and rules of the Bible are out dated. The society picks and chooses what rules and commandments they want to follow, reverting themselves back to a lesser time. By basing their societies off of myth, both Bradbury and Atwood depict men and women who are constantly influenced by hypocrisy. They are forced to believe blindly that these myths will lead them into safety and a better future. Each society comes with a promise of better times, but by basing it off of mythology they are striving for perfection which can only lead them down the road of disaster. In both Bradbury and Atwoods utopian societies, the government strives for perfection by changing the standards that their people live by. Although their is revolt and questioning in the means of these changes, it is ultimately at the blame of the people of the societies themselves. In Fahrenheit 451, the minorities (Bradbury 57) are the ones who begin the banning of the books, but because their are so many minorities, every book must go. Likewise in The Handmaids Tale, the men of the society agree to the changes which affect everyone, reverting their society back to a time where there was no technology or developments. By leading the change of the societies, the people are the only ones to blame for their societys hypocrisy and ultimate downfall. Citations Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. New York: Anchor, 1986. Print. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Simon Schuster Paperbacks, 1951. Print.

Cadbury plc: An overview

Cadbury plc: An overview 1. Introduction Cadbury Plc has constantly been in the spotlight since August this year when its share price rose by more than 200 pence when Kraft placed its hostile takeover bid worth $17 billion. Since then other rivals such as Hershey, Ferrero and Nestle have also made interest for acquisition of the company. It is probably happening due to the facts that Cadbury Plc has been facing liquidity problems that prohibited rapid expansion, while at the same time having exceptionally strong presence in emerging markets and having strong brands. Cadbury Plc operates in a very competitive confectionery market characterised by fast-changing consumer attitudes and values. Hence the need for a strategic perspective on marketing never lessens. Moreover, (Financial Times, 2009) the confectionery industry is struggling in the recession as consumers seek out cheaper foods limiting discretionary spending on confectionery. These cheaper alternatives, coupled with the â€Å"derisory† takeover bid from Kraft foods, has caused a deep cloud of uncertainty to linger on Cadbury Plcs future, further compounding the need for a strategic perspective on marketing. 2. Business Strategy Business strategy can be defined as the direction and scope of the business over the long-term,which achieves advantage for the organisation through its arrangement of resources within a suitably challenging environment, to satisfy the needs of the market and fulfil stakeholder expectations (Brassington et al., 2006). Strategy can exist at different levels in a business entity: Corporate strategy concerns the allocation of resources within the organisation to achieve the business direction and scope specified within corporate objectives. It helps to control and coordinate the different areas of the organisation such as finance, marketing, research and development etc. Quite often corporate strategy is explicitly envisioned in a mission statement†. (Creating Brands People Love, 2009) For example Cadbury Plcs vision is to be the biggest and the best confectionery company in the world. Competitive strategy (business unit strategy) determines how a business competes successfully, in a particular market with particular regard to the relative positioning of competitors. Marketing strategy defines target markets, what direction to be taken for a defensible competitive position, compatible with overall corporate strategy within those markets. The strategic management process comprises three main components as shown in Figure 2 below: Strategy Implementation is often the hardest part in the strategic management process. However, this report only concentrates on strategy analysis and choice. 3. Strategic analysis Strategic analysis involves the analysis of the business strength, position and understanding the preponderant external factors that may influence that position. The methods below were used to assist in a strategic analysis for Cadbury Plc: FiveForces Theory a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an industry developed by Michael Porter. Analysis of the Human Resources. Corporate and Operational issues. International Export Dimension. Swot Analysis. 3.1. The Five Forces Analysis Lindt Sprungli SpA Fujiya Co., Ltd. HARIBO GmbH Co KG Hsu Fu Chi International Limited Kraft Foods Inc Lotte Confectionery Co Ltd Nestlà © SA Perfetti Van Melle SpA The Hershey Company Tootsie Roll Industries Inc Mars Inc In pursuing an advantage over its rivals, Cadbury Plc has in the past adopted such tactics as: Changing prices to gain a temporary advantage (docstoc website). For example, a price reduction by three rupees for a mini Perk a Cadbury Plcs brand in India helped Perk penetrate the rural market increasing Cadbury Plcs market share in India by 1% with a further 10% rise in overall chocolate sales. Improving product features Cadbury Plcs brand, Dairy Milk, is the worlds most famous brand name and the companys leading chocolate bar by revenue. The company has used this to its advantage by creating new Dairy Milk varieties such as Wispa and Fruit Nut. Creative use of channels of distribution various outlets such as supermarkets, vending machines and convenient stores have been effectively utilised by Cadbury Plc and its rivals. Consequently, creative advertising has been the key factor in increasing market share. (Adbrands website) Advertising Age estimated global advertising expenditure by Cadbury Plc to be in the region of $425m in 2007, making it the worlds 83rd largest advertiser in advertising expenditure. Threat of substitutes in Porters, model substitutes refer to any products in other industries with lower prices or better performance parameters for the same purpose. According to confectionery news website, a growing trend towards healthy products by consumers has resulted in a drop in the value of the overall UK confectionery. Consequently, dark chocolate which is perceived to have great health benefits, has had an increase in popularity. As a matter of fact, in 2008 Cadbury Plc re-launched its Bourneville brand (dark chocolate) to counter this imminent threat and capitalise on the popularity of dark chocolate. Consumer power this is the impact that buyers pose on a production industry. The magnitude of the impact can be due to several factors. A big factor in the confectionery industry is that of a well educated consumer perception of the product. (The Epoch Times)This was so evident when consumer pressure resulted to Cadbury New Zealand backing down from an initiative to substitute cocoa butter to vegetable fat and palm oil. The latter would have increased palm oil production and the associated growth in plantations could lead to extensive destruction of plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia. Moreover, the consumers were not only unhappy with the products new taste and texture, but also the weight of each bar had significantly reduced. Supplier power suppliers refer to the entity that provides the industry with the raw materials. Powerful suppliers can exert an influence on the production industry by selling raw materials at a higher price to capture some of the industrys profit. Barriers/threat to entry as a firm operating in the free enterprise world, any firm should be free to enter and exit the market. However, industries exhibit some features that protect high profit firms thus inhibiting the entry of new rivals. Barriers may arise from the: Government which can develop and implement policies in relation to several macroeconomic influences, in turn affecting markets and organisations such as Cadbury Plc. Cadbury Plc have to operate according to the rules and regulations stated by the governments. Their products have to conform to the safety laws, for example, manufacturing processes in Cadbury Plc are subject to pollution controls. The government implicates Fiscal policy, which involves altering government expenditure/taxation. For Cadbury Plc to see an increase in profits in the future, they will want the government to implicate expansionary fiscal policy whereby the government would raise government expenditure, leading to an increase in aggregate demand or by cutting taxes, which would leave consumers with more money to spend on products such as those made by Cadbury Plc; in turn raising aggregate demand and therefore profits (Advisors in Fiscal Policy). The government could however introduce Contractionary Fiscal policy which would see aggregate demand be reduced by cutting governments expenditure or by raising taxes and hence reducing consumers expenditure. For Cadbury Plc to increase their profits, they will be against the government introducing Contractionary Fiscal policy. The Government also provide Cadbury Plc with incentives to open new factories and other work opportunities where there is a high unemployment rate. Patents and propriety knowledge ideas that provide competitive advantage are treated as private property when patented. Hence others cannot use them, which creates a barrier for entry. Cadbury Plc is strongly positioned due to a large product patent basis and their heavy investment in their research and development department. Expensive capital potential entrants are reluctant to commit to acquiring highly specialised expensive machinery. As a matter of fact, even though Cadbury Plc being one of the largest confectionery companies in the world, it is facing liquidity problems hindering their expansion into new regions (Data Monitor Cadbury PLC, 2009). 3.2. Human Resource The biggest human resource issue facing Cadbury Plc today is the loss of job security amongst many of their employers. As demonstrated in Maslows hierarchy of needs, a popular and accepted motivational theory, job security is an important factor in the motivating and well-being of a firms employees (Mottershead et al., 2006). With respectable newspapers and other informative media (The Guardian, Wall Street Journal, BBC etc.) predicting large job losses in Cadbury Plc should a potential takeover succeed, many employees are currently fearing for their jobs and this may affect their performance (Rohwedder, 2009; No Author, 2009; Clark, 2009). Cadbury Plc union leaders have met with Kraft (a US based business bidding to takeover Cadbury Plc) in order to protect Cadbury Plc employees and ensure that their employees jobs are still secure should Krafts proposed bid be accepted. However, this action in itself demonstrates the amount of scepticism that exists within many Cadbury Plc employees and highlights the lack of job security with many of the workers. This cynicism may be due to the fact that employees are unable to understand how Kraft can make their potential quoted savings without a significant loss of jobs (No Author, 2009; Griffin, 2009). The loss of job security may not only affect factory workers but may also affect managers and employees in higher positions within Cadbury Plc. During a takeover there is a lot of restructuring within all companies involved and many jobs tend to be lost as companies find that roles overlap. These job losses occur at all levels of employability and there tends to be a period where the company has a very high employee turnover level. Although Kraft is the strongest bidder for Cadbury Plc, Hershey and Ferrero (an Italian based business) have recently released independent statements revealing their interest in a potential takeover of Cadbury Plc. However as both businesses are significantly smaller than Kraft, sources close to both firms have revealed that Hershey and Ferrero have been in talks about a potential joint bid for Cadbury Plc. Although, Cadbury Plc union leaders remain steadfast in their belief that the best option for Cadbury Plcs many employees is for Cadbury Plc to remain an independent company (Clark, 2009). As we enter a more technological era, the ever constant fear for factory workers is the fear that they will be replaced by computers. This is a smaller human resource issue facing Cadbury Plc; however it is ever present and therefore is an issue that must be consistently paid attention to and addressed. At a recent visit, to the Bourneville site of Cadbury Plc, students were able to visit both the modern factory and the older one. At the older factory, it was clear to the students that more human interaction with the product existed. While in the modern factory students saw that a lot of the human interaction had been replaced with faster and more efficient equipment. It is important that the human resource department in Cadbury Plc address the above issues as the motivation and overall well-being of the employees will affect the companys performance in the long term. As Cadbury Plcs is the biggest confectionary company in the world (Cadbury plc, 2009) they stand to lose a lot. 3.3. Corporate and Operational Issues With different businesses attempting to takeover Cadbury Plc, there are a lot of different factors that will affect the way Cadbury Plc is viewed as a corporation and in turn how they operate should a potential takeover succeed. One of the main selling points for Cadbury Plc in Britain and Ireland, who account for 24% (Cadbury plc, 2009) of their revenue, is the fact that Cadbury Plc began and has remained a British business (up until today) and therefore it lends an authenticity to the brand that most competitors do not have. British favourites, such as Cadbury Dairy Milk, may begin to lose out to competitors should Krafts proposed takeover succeed. This is because a lot of the public in the United Kingdom do not support the proposed takeover and some MPs have even gone as far as requesting a motion that ensures that Cadbury Plc remains in British hands (No Author, 2009; Rohwedder, 2009). Cadbury Plc have also had negative publicity towards the takeover with Felicity Loudon who is a descendant of John Cadbury (the founder), publicly stating that Cadbury Plc is a â€Å"brand that is synonymous with Britain† and should the Kraft takeover succeed it will â€Å"become a commercial wasteland†. These are strong words and may dissuade people from buying the once popular Cadbury brand (Rohwedder, 2009; No Author, 2009). As a result of the negative publicity potential takeovers have received, Cadbury Plc will be forced to use a different marketing strategy should a takeover bid be accepted as some of the British authenticity that Cadbury Plc as a brand previously had will be lost in the takeover. Cadbury Plc must be prepared to face losses in the UK market as customers may choose not to buy Cadbury Plc brands due to the takeover and the potential loss of jobs at Cadbury Plc UK sites. However, if Cadbury Plc is able to launch a successful marketing strategy, then they may be able to limit the loss caused by a takeover. 3.4. International Export Dimension As a leading global confectionary company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands, Cadbury Plc employ approximately 45,000 people and has direct operations in over 60 countries, selling their products everywhere around the world The company operates its business through four different business segments namely Britain, Ireland, Middle East and Africa (BIMA), Americas, Europe and Asia Pacific. Britain and Ireland are the largest business unit in the group. The companys main markets in Middle East and Africa include South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria and Ghana. The companys American business comprises of the three largest confectionary markets in the world, US, Canada and Mexico. This also extends through Central America and the Caribbean and it also has operations in South American countries which include countries like Brazil, Argentina, Peru, etc. With a market share of almost 20%, the company is the leading player in South America. In Europe, the company operates in majority of Western Europe, Scandinavia, Turkey and Russia. The companys biggest European operating unit is in France. The Companys Asian businesses are concentrated in India, China, Malaysia and Thailand. In the Pacific regions, the companys operations are mainly located in Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Cadbury Plc has a leading position in Australia with an overall 30% market share. (Data Monitor Cadbury PLC, 2009) In each of the four different segments, marketing is very important element in promoting the product and is done different to each other due to the products being sold in those areas. For example, Perk is a Cadburys product which is sold in India. The product is aimed at the youth. Marketing for this product is done in a way so it appeals to the Indian community. This includes advertisements which are shown their national language, Hindi and is normally performed by high prolific people of India like actors and actresses of Bollywood (Indian Cinema). 3.5. SWOT Analysis Strengths The main strength of Cadbury Plc is that they have a very good reputation and have a widely recognised brand name which has led them to become the worlds number one confectionary company having bought Adams (the owner of chewing gum brands including Trident and Stride) in 2003. They have unrivalled strength and breadth of participation. It is the market leader in the global confectionery sector with a market share of 10.5%. Cadbury Plc has a diversified product base as the company offers chocolate, gums and candy products; the company is well diversified in terms of revenue generation from all its operating regions. Cadbury Plc should aim to balance the share of revenue from its operating regions to gain global dominance (See Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6). (Cadbury PLC- Our Strengths). This shows the market share of chocolate between Cadbury Plc and their rivals. Cadbury Plc is currently number one, with Mars/Wrigley a very close second. (Cadbury PLC- Purple bi, 2009) It is clear that the main source of Cadbury Plcs revenue comes from their chocolate and cocoa beverages. However, it is clearly profitable to the company that they have diversified into other markets. (Cadbury PLC- Creating brands people love, 2009) Weaknesses However, Cadbury Plc has a weak liquidity position. At the year ending December 31, 2008, Cadbury Plcs current assets were $2,635 million compared to the current liabilities of $3,388 million. This could negatively impact the operational efficiency and growth initiatives. Another weakness is the companys employee efficiency, i.e. the total revenue per employee. It is considerably lower than rival companies such as Hershey, and Chocolade Fabriken Lindt Sprungli (Lindt). The low revenues per employee indicate relatively lower employee productivity. This can be solved by offering incentives to employees, i.e. bonuses for high productivity. Opportunities Due to the increasing awareness of dark chocolate and its health benefits, there is a fast-growing market in many parts of the world; combined with ethical concerns, the demand for organic and fair-trade chocolate have increased. Cadbury Plc has numerous amounts of premium chocolate products across the world so an increase in the customer preference for premium products would increase sales. Cadbury Plc can also look to increase sales and their presence in the US confectionary market; it is already well positioned to capture the growing demand for the confectionary in the region. Recently, people are becoming more conscious about their health which consequently results in a drop in sales for Cadbury Plc dairy products. This is a growing concern for the company and an issue that must be addressed. Cadbury Plc could possibly invest in a low calorie snack range which could boost sales dramatically. Threats The rising cost of many of Cadbury Plcs raw materials (especially cocoa and peanuts) could cause a serious impact on the companys profitability. Prices are expected to continue rising in the near future for cocoa because the International Cocoa Organisation (ICCO) reduced its estimate by 0.1 million tons whilst the demand for cocoa is increasing. At present, Cadbury Plc imports its cocoa products directly from third party suppliers so perhaps investing in their own cocoa farm would be beneficial in the long run. The confectionary market is highly fragmented with increasing competition. Many large businesses have merged together to gain more market share intensifying competition. Therefore Cadbury Plc would be under pressure to change prices of products, reducing its margins. Rising labour costs will dramatically cut into Cadbury Plcs profit margin because a majority of their employees are from the US and Europe. Minimum wage has increased significantly in both the US and the UK. Cadbury Plc needs to attract and retain efficient employees in all segments of its business to become even more successful. (Data Monitor Cadbury PLC, 2009) Looking at the data collected from the questionnaires, it is apparent that Cadbury products are easily accessible to the public (shown in Figure 12) so Cadbury Plc should look to keep this up. However, a large number of people do not know that Trident and Halls are part of Cadbury Plc. Figure 11 shows that members of the public would be more willing to buy Trident and Halls product due to the fact that it is part of a well represented company. More than half of the general public thought that Cadbury products were well priced, with mainly students thinking that Cadbury Plc overprice their products. Cadbury Plc should look into the possibility of issuing discount cards to students as this may encourage them to buy more Cadbury products. Figure 4 and 6 shows the share of revenue between Cadbury products and their global sites respectively. It is clear that chocolate and cocoa beverages are their main source of finance. Cadbury Plc need to concentrate on areas such as Asia and the Middle East as the share of revenue is 6% and 7% respectively. Cadbury Plc could sell their sites in those regions and concentrate on Europe, North America, Britain and Ireland, as these areas generate a combined total of 66% of Cadbury Plcs share of revenue. Figure 7 (in the appendix) shows that Cadbury Plc has had the biggest share movements over the past year compared to their main rivals. This shows the share of revenue across the world. Britain and Ireland current generate the most revenue followed by North America and then Europe. (Cadbury PLC Creating brands people love, 2009) 4. Business philosophy Cadburys Schweppes adopted a Managing for Value philosophy in 1997. They are committed to using their assets to exploit growth opportunities and to drive value creation. The main goal of Cadbury Plc is to consistently produce major shareholder returns. They support this by two other commercial goals: to profitably and significantly increase the global confectionary share and to secure and to grow the regional beverages share. Cadbury Plc had a strategic review of Europe Beverages its partner company, the conclusion being in the best interest of the shareholders to investigate the sale of the Europe Beverages business. The board decided Europe Beverages did not have a high enough potential growth and returns. The board also realised that the money made from the sale could help reduce the companys debts therefore on the 1st September 2005, Cadbury Plc announced they were selling the Europe Beverages group. Cadbury Plc currently possesses nine Board Members consisting of two Executive Directors and seven Non-Executive Directors. The Board of Directors are responsible for the overall management and performance of the company, and the approval of the long-term objectives and commercial strategy. They also delegate day-to-day management to the Chief Executives Committee (CEC). The CEC reports to the Board and are accountable for the day-to-day management of the operations and implementation of strategy. Driving high level performance of growth, efficiency and capability programmes are The CECs responsibility to the Board. (Cadbury PLC- Our Management) Cadbury Plc also adopts a policy of democratic management. All members of staff are made to work together as a team for the good of the company. Decisions are reached amongst the various groups by first taking into account everyones inputs, ideas and suggestions. This style of management works for Cadbury Plc because the workers feel as though they have power in decision making and therefore are more free and able to make suggestions that they feel could just alter the business this motivates workers and makes them feel more engaged with the company. 5. Branding Cadbury Plc as an organisation has developed a strong image for the Cadbury corporate name to act as a shelter for all its product brands. Branding is the creation of a three-dimensional character for a product, defined in terms of name, packaging, colours, symbols etc. Tthat helps to differentiate it from its competitors and helps the customer to develop a relationship with the product. As a result Cadbury Plc products benefit from both the affection that consumers hold for the corporate name and from the individual character developed for its products such as Cadburys Flake, Cadburys Hot Chocolate and Cadburys Dairy Milk (Principles of Marketing). Aspiring competitors of Cadbury Plc aim to build a strong brand. For example supermarket own-label products are packaged and branded in similar fashion to Cadburys; this has posed a threat to Cadbury Plc as often the supermarket own-label products are cheaper than Cadbury Plc products and, in todays economic instability, this could lead to them becoming more popular and therefore lead to a reduction in sales for Cadbury Plc. There is also a possibility that Cadbury Plc could become complacent with their branding and not seek to improve on it which could therefore lead to consumers becoming bored with the product or maybe even consumers needs could change which could lead to Cadbury Plc falling behind in the market. For Cadbury Plc their brand name is well known, but due to the reasons stated above their name is not enough to ensure that they remain the main brand in the industry. To stay on top of the market Cadbury Plc should constantly research into their brand name and look to invest money into improving the brand image to keep up with todays changing times. To compete with the lower priced supermarket own-label brands, Cadbury Plc may have to reduce their prices. However the problem for Cadbury Plc is that if they reduce their prices then that could be associated with deterioration in quality. One way Cadbury Plc could lower their prices to compete with its competitors without damaging the brand is to offer discounts on bulk purchases for example a pack of 5 Bounty chocolate bars for  £1.25 which equates to 25p each whereas the single Bounty bar would be sold at 45p each. The consumer recognises that the lower price is due to bulk buying and does not associate it with the brand quality. 6. Strategic Choice Involves identifying the strategic options, evaluating and selecting strategic options. 6.1. Possible strategies to consider and current business issues Recent bid from Kraft Foods Inc and possible new bids from Hershey Co, Nestle SA and Ferrero SpA have made the situation Cadbury Plc is facing today exceptionally complex and adds multiple choices of possible takeovers and mergers to strategies generally needed to consider. Kraft taking over CadburyPlc An offer worth $17 billion and placed by Kraft would provide Cadbury Plc with consequent advantages and disadvantages. For instance, recently Kraft stated that the ‘takeover would increase scale in developing markets and create a company with about $50 billion in revenue [it] would achieve at least $625 million of cost savings annually by the end of the third year (Bloomberg), whereas conversely Lord Mandelson cautioned that Kraft would be facing ‘huge opposition from the local population and from the British government (Telegraph). Furthermore, this could lead to job cuts in Bourneville, therefore UK‘is likely to seek guarantees from Kraft on decision-making and employment (FT). Recently, Kraft Food Inc has now taken the takeover offer for Cadbury Plc straight to shareholders. Kraft offered a mixture of cash and shares for each Cadbury Plc share. This offer included 300 pence in cash and 0.2589 new Kraft shares for each Cadbury Plc share. Alternative take-overs/mergers from Hershey, Nestle and Ferrero Hershey, Nestle and Ferrero have made interest in acquiring Cadbury Plc. Accepting offers from any of the mentioned companies would be more advantageous than to accept Krafts bid, since these are more confectionary marked oriented and hence are concerned with similar issues Cadbury Plc is facing. For example, Hershey, the largest U.S. chocolate maker, has ‘about 14 percent of its $5.13 billionrevenueoutside its home market in 2008, whereas Cadbury Plc has 22 percent of sales coming from outsideNorth America (Bloomberg). This merge could lead to strongest and biggest global confectionary company. Nestle, the worlds biggest food company, could stand in and buy back the U.S. rights to Kit Kat and Rolo brands from Hershey, giving Hershey the power to fund a combination with Cadbury another option would be for Nestle to acquire Cadburys gum unit and then sell the chocolate division to Hershey orFerrero SpA (Bloomberg).Expand emerging markets (India, South America, Middle East, an d Africa) According to Todd Stitzer, CEO of Cadbury Plc; the company has the largest business of any of competitors in emerging markets that already contribute for more than a third of revenues. Cadbury Plc has already created strong foundations such as distribution systems and consumer relationships in these countries. For example, the company has experienced over 20% annual growth for the last three years in India (Creating Brands People Love, 2009). Expand developed markets (Europe, North America, Australia) Although these markets are considerably saturated, according to Cadbury Plc there still is much untapped potential (Creating Brands People Love, 2009). Expansion here is based on mostly new developed products and innovations in advertising. Concentrate more on luxury and natural products Since consumer awareness, such as healthy lifestyle, fair trade issues etc., is rising, more consumer attention is made on natural and luxury products. Recent takeover of Green and Blacks, The Natural Confectionery Co and Fair-trade certification proves the importance. New relevant takeovers could improve the share of the growing market. Invest more in development and innovations In order to expand, especially in the developed markets; science and development play great part. Making new products sometimes is the only way to expand in such regions, because of high market saturation. Move factories to countries with less expensive workforce Since factories are mostly based in western countries, high and rising wages play major role for small margin, therefore moving to countries with less expensive workforce could be beneficial (for instance, in Europe, moving from UK and France to Eastern European countries and the Baltic States, In Northern America, moving from USA to Mexico), however, there would be strong opposition from western governments and unions that happened during recent factory move from UK to Poland. (Daily Mail) 6.2. Future Business Environ